91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C39/C39M-15 圆柱混凝土样品抗压强度标准试验方法

4.1 Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength determinations by this test method since strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of concrete made from given materials. Values obtained will depend on the size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing. 4.2 This test method is used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Practices C31/C31M, C192/C192M, C617/C617M, and C1231/C1231M and Test Methods C42/C42M and C873/C873M. 4.3 The results of this test method are used as a basis for quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placing operations; determination of compliance with specifications; control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures; and similar uses. 4.4 The individual who tests concrete cylinders for acceptance testing shall meet the concrete laboratory technician requirements of Practice C1077, including an examination requiring performance demonstration that is evaluated by an independent examiner. Note 1: Certification equivalent to the minimum guidelines for ACI Concrete Laboratory Technician, Level I or ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician will satisfy this requirement. 1.1 This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m38201;[50 lb/ft3]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Means should be provided to contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relatively flexible. The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing are recommended.)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C900-15 硬化混凝土拔出强度的标准测试方法

5.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions. Note 1: Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations. 5.2 If a strength relationship has been established experimentally and accepted by the specifier of tests, pullout tests are used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to establish whether it has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed; (3) structure may be placed into service; or (4) winter protection and curing may be terminated. In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing construction. 5.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element. 5.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the outer zone of concrete members and can be of benefit in evaluating the cover zone of reinforced concrete members. 5.5 Cast-in-place inserts require that their locations in the structure be planned in advance of concrete placement. Post-installed inserts can be placed at any desired location in the structure provided the requirements of

Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete

ASTM C192/C192M-15 实验室制备和养护混凝土试样的标准实施规程

3.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for preparation of materials, mixing concrete, and making and curing concrete test specimens under laboratory conditions. 3.2 If specimen preparation is controlled as stipulated herein, the specimens may be used to develop information for the following purposes: 3.2.1 Mixture proportioning for project concrete, 3.2.2 Evaluation of different mixtures and materials, 3.2.3 Correlation with nondestructive tests, and 3.2.4 Providing specimens for research purposes. Note 1: The concrete test results for concrete specimens made and cured using this practice are widely used. They may be the basis for acceptance testing for project concrete, research evaluations, and other studies. Careful and knowledgeable handling of materials, mixing concrete, molding test specimens, and curing test specimens is necessary. Many laboratories performing this important work are independently inspected or accredited. Practice C1077 identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical qualification requirements of laboratory personnel and the minimum requirements for equipment used in testing concrete and concrete aggregates. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing test specimens of concrete in the laboratory under accurate control of materials and test conditions using concrete that can be consolidated by rodding or vibration as described herein. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory

ASTM C1761/C1761M-15 混凝土内部固化用轻骨料的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate. Note 1: Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregate for Internal Curing of Concrete

ASTM C78/C78M-15 混凝土弯曲强度的标准试验方法（使用第三点荷载的简支梁）

3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. The strength determined will vary where there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition, curing, or where the beam has been molded or sawed to size. 3.2 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning, mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

ASTM C94/C94M-15 预拌混凝土标准规范

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as defined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready-mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser. Note 1: Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous mixing is covered in Specification C685. Fiber-reinforced concrete is covered in Specification C1116. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)

Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C617/C617M-15 处理圆柱形混凝土试样顶部的标准实施规程

3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps. 1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see 4.3.1 and 6.2.4.1.

Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM D75/D75M-14 集料取样的标准实施规程

4.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and the sampler shall use every precaution to obtain samples that will show the nature and condition of the materials which they represent. 4.2 Samples for preliminary investigation tests are obtained by the party responsible for development of the potential source (Note 3). Samples of materials for control of the production at the source or control of the work at the site of use are obtained by the manufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for accomplishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in acceptance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained by the purchaser or his authorized representative. Note 3—The preliminary investigation and sampling of potential aggregate sources and types occupies a very important place in determining the availability and suitability of the largest single constituent entering into the construction. It influences the type of construction from the standpoint of economics and governs the necessary material control to ensure durability of the resulting structure, from the aggregate standpoint. This investigation should be done only by a responsible trained and experienced person. For more comprehensive guidance, see the Appendix. 1.1 This practice covers sampling of coarse and fine aggregates for the following purposes: 1.1.1 Preliminary investigation of the potential source of supply, 1.1.2 Control of the product at the source of supply, 1.1.3 Control of the operations at the site of use, and 1.1.4 Acceptance or rejection of the materials. Note 1—Sampling plans and acceptance and control tests vary with the type of construction in which the material is used. 1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 2—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable result......

Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

ASTM C1170/C1170M-14 用振动台测定碾压混凝土一致性和密度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended to be used for determining the consistency and density of stiff to extremely dry concrete mixtures common in roller-compacted concrete construction. 5.1.1 Because of the stiff to extremely dry consistency of some roller-compacted concrete mixtures, the standard Vebe test method of rodding the specimen in a slump cone is substituted by Procedures A and B.8 5.2 Procedure A uses a 22.7 kg [50 lb] surcharge and is used for concrete consolidated by roller-compaction methods when the consistency of the concrete is very stiff to extremely dry. 5.3 Procedure B uses a 12.5 kg [27.5 lb] surcharge and is used for concrete consolidated by roller-compaction methods when the consistency of the concrete is stiff to very stiff consistency, but not extremely dry. 1.1 This test method is used to determine the consistency of concrete using a vibrating table and a surcharge and to determine the density of the consolidated concrete specimen. This test method is applicable to freshly mixed concrete, prepared in both the laboratory and the field, having a nominal maximum size aggregate of 50 mm [2 in.] or less. If the nominal maximum size of aggregate is larger than 50 mm [2 in.], the test method is applicable only when performed on the fraction passing the 50-mm [2-in.] sieve with the larger aggregate being removed in accordance with Practice C172. 1.2 This test method, intended for use in testing roller-compacted concrete, may be applicable to testing other types of concrete such as cement-treated aggregate and mixtures similar to soil-cement. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning— Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Determining Consistency and Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Using a Vibrating Table

ASTM C1712-14 用贯入度试验快速评估自密实混凝土静态分离阻力的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is for the rapid assessment of the static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete. 5.2 The method is useful for rapid assessment of the static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete during mixture development in the laboratory as well as prior to placement of the mixture in the field. Test Method C1610/C1610M for static segregation of SCC is not sufficiently rapid, and the non-mandatory Visual Stability Index as determined through the procedure described in Appendix X1 of Test Method C1611/C1611M is highly subjective and qualitative. 5.3 Appendix X1 provides non-mandatory criteria that may be used to indicate the degree of static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete mixtures. 1.1 This test method covers the rapid assessment of static segregation resistance of normal-weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The test does not measure static segregation resistance directly, but provides an assessment of whether static segregation is likely to occur. 1.2 The test apparatus and protocol were developed based on tests with SCC mixtures containing saturated surface dry (SSD) coarse aggregates ranging in relative density from 2.67 to 2.79 and in nominal maximum size from 9.5 mm to 25 mm. For SCC mixtures outside these ranges, testing is recommended to establish a correlation between penetration depth and static segregation measured in accordance with Test Method C1610/C1610M. This test method shall not be used to assess the static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete containing lightweight aggregates or heavyweight aggregates without prior testing to establish a correlation. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Rapid Assessment of Static Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Penetration Test

ASTM C469/C469M-14 压缩混凝土的静态弹性模量和泊松比的标准试验方法

3.1 This test method provides a stress to strain ratio value and a ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain for hardened concrete at whatever age and curing conditions may be designated. 3.2 The modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio values, applicable within the customary working stress range (0 to 408201;% of ultimate concrete strength), are used in sizing of reinforced and nonreinforced structural members, establishing the quantity of reinforcement, and computing stress for observed strains. 3.3 The modulus of elasticity values obtained will usually be less than moduli derived under rapid load application (dynamic or seismic rates, for example), and will usually be greater than values under slow load application or extended load duration, given other test conditions being the same. 1.1 This test method covers determination of (1) chord modulus of elasticity (Young's) and (2) Poisson's ratio of molded concrete cylinders and diamond-drilled concrete cores when under longitudinal compressive stress. Chord modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio are defined in Terminology E6. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poissonrsquo;s Ratio of Concrete in Compression

ASTM C567/C567M-14 测定结构轻质混凝土密度的标准试验方法

5.1 The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium density by calculation using the procedures in 9.2. 5.2 Test Method C138/C138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance with concrete placement specifications.Note 1—The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and the specific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a function of aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50 kg/m3 [3.0 lb/ft3] greater than the oven-dry density. 1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete

ASTM C1611/C1611M-14 自密实混凝土坍落流动度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the slump flow of self-consolidating concrete in the laboratory or the field. 5.2 This test method is used to monitor the consistency of fresh, unhardened self-consolidating concrete and its unconfined flow potential. 5.3 It is difficult to produce self-consolidating concrete that is both flowable and nonsegregating using coarse aggregates larger than 25 mm [1 in.]. Therefore, this test method is considered applicable to self-consolidating concrete having coarse aggregate up to 25 mm [1 in.] in size. Appendix X1 provides non-mandatory visual rating criteria that may be used to classify the ability of a self-consolidating concrete mixture to resist segregation (stability). 5.4 The rate at which the concrete spreads is related to its viscosity. Appendix X1 provides a non-mandatory procedure that may be used to provide an indication of relative viscosity of self-consolidating concrete mixtures. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of slump flow of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete

ASTM C39/C39M-14a 圆柱形混凝土试样抗压强度的标准试验方法

4.1 Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength determinations by this test method since strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of concrete made from given materials. Values obtained will depend on the size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing. 4.2 This test method is used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Practices C31/C31M, C192/C192M, C617, and C1231/C1231M and Test Methods C42/C42M and C873. 4.3 The results of this test method are used as a basis for quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placing operations; determination of compliance with specifications; control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures; and similar uses. 4.4 The individual who tests concrete cylinders for acceptance testing shall meet the concrete laboratory technician requirements of Practice C1077, including an examination requiring performance demonstration that is evaluated by an independent examiner.Note 1—Certification equivalent to the minimum guidelines for ACI Concrete Laboratory Technician, Level I or ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician will satisfy this requirement. 1.1 This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m38201;[50 lb/ft3]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Means should be provided to contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relatively flexible. The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing are recommended.) 1.4 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C232/C232M-14 混凝土泌水现象的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment, environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a product or treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on bleeding of concrete. 4.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete is not subjected to intermittent vibration after placement. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshly mixed concrete. 1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ by more than 1 kg [2 lb]. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2

Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete

ASTM C857-14 地下预制混凝土公用设施最低结构设计负荷的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures. 5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard. 1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice. Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition. Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures

ASTM C330/C330M-14 结构混凝土用轻质集料的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete

ASTM C1077-14 测试机构评定结构和标准中机构测试的混凝土和混凝土集料的标准实施规程

4.1 The testing and inspection of concrete and concrete aggregates are important elements in obtaining quality construction. A testing agency providing these services must be selected with care. 4.2 A testing agency shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the agency meets the requirements of this practice. The testing agency services shall be provided under the technical direction of a registered professional engineer. 4.3 This practice establishes essential characteristics pertaining to the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the testing agency. This practice may be supplemented by more specific criteria and requirements for particular projects. 1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction. 1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests.Note 1—Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement. 1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C140/C140M-14 混凝土块砌筑单位和相关单位取样和测试标准试验方法

4.1 These test methods provide general testing requirements for application to a broad range of concrete products. Those general testing requirements are included in the body of this standard. Note 2—Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or other resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for those products not addressed with the annex of this standard. 4.2 These test methods provide specific testing requirements in two distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units covered by these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are included in the body of these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types are included within the annexes. 1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however. 1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types: Annex A1—Concrete masonry units (Specifications C90, C129) Annex A2—Concrete and calcium silicate brick 8199; (Specifications C55, C73, C1634) Annex A3—Segmental retaining wall units (Specification C1372) Annex A4—Concrete interlocking paving units 8199; (Specification C936/C936M) Annex A5—Concrete grid paving units (Specification C1319) Annex A6—Concrete roof pavers (Specification C1491) Annex A7—Dry-cast articulating concrete block 8199;(Specification D6684) 1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods are also applicable to other types of units not referenced in these test methods, but specific testing and reporting requirements for those units are not included. 1.4 These test methods include the following sections:

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

ASTM C878/C878M-14 收缩补偿混凝土约束膨胀性的标准试验方法

4.1 Since the potential for expansion, under conditions of controlled restraint, of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement cannot always be satisfactorily predicted from tests of mortars made in accordance with Test Method C806, a need has been recognized for a test method in which concrete specimens are tested. 4.2 This test method can also be adapted readily to studies of expansion involving degrees of restraint, comparisons of cements, effects of cement contents, mixture proportions, schedules, or environmental treatments that differ from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete